Petroleum product which occurs naturally

Products made from crude oil. What is the difference between petroleum and natural gas? Is petroleum a fossil fuel? What is petroleum made of? How does petroleum energy work? How is oil formed? What is the full form of Pcra? How did Petroleum get its name? What are the products of any fuel?

Primary natural Secondary artificial Solid fuels wood, coal, peat, dung, etc. Which material is called black gold and why? Petroleum is also known as Black Gold -. What is the importance of petroleum? The importance of oil. What is refining of petroleum Class 8? Refining of Petroleum. How is petroleum extracted? Releasing the treated water back into the environment can further contaminate the remaining water supply.

Processing bitumen from tar sands is also a complex, expensive procedure. It takes two tons of oil sands to produce one barrel of oil. A small percentage is used for roofing and other products. The Athabasca Oil Sands are the fourth-largest reserves of oil in the world. Unfortunately, the bitumen reserves are located beneath part of the boreal forest, also called the taiga.

This makes extraction both difficult and environmentally dangerous. The taiga circles the Northern Hemisphere just below the frozen tundra, spanning more than 5 million square kilometers 2 million square miles , mostly in Canada, Russia, and Scandinavia. It accounts for almost one-third of all of the forested land on the planet. Every spring, the boreal forest releases immense amounts of oxygen into the atmosphere and keeps our air clean.

It is home to a mosaic of plant and animal life, all of which depend on the mature trees, mosses, and lichen of the boreal biome. Surface mines are estimated to only take up 0.

Refining Petroleum Refining petroleum is the process of converting crude oil or bitumen into more useful products, such as fuel or asphalt. Crude oil comes out of the ground with impurities, from sulfur to sand. These components have to be separated. This is done by heating the crude oil in a distillation tower that has trays and temperatures set at different levels.

Propane, kerosene, and other components condense on different tiers of the tower, and can be individually collected. They are transported by pipeline, ocean vessels, and trucks to different locations, to either be used directly or further processed. Petroleum Industry Oil was not always extracted, refined, and used by millions of people as it is today. However, it has always been an important part of many cultures. The earliest known oil wells were drilled in China as early as CE.

The wells were drilled almost meters feet deep using strong bamboo bits. The oil was extracted and transported through bamboo pipelines. It was burned as a heating fuel and industrial component. Chinese engineers burned petroleum to evaporate brine and produce salt. On the west coast of North America, indigenous people used bitumen as an adhesive to make canoes and baskets water-tight, and as a binder for creating ceremonial decorations and tools.

By the 7th century, Japanese engineers discovered that petroleum could be burned for light. Oil was later distilled into kerosene by a Persian alchemist in the 9th century. During the s, petroleum slowly replaced whale oil in kerosene lamps, producing a radical decline in whale-hunting. The modern oil industry was established in the s.

The first well was drilled in Poland in , and the technology spread to other countries and was improved. The Industrial Revolution created a vast new opportunity for the use of petroleum.

Machinery powered by steam engines quickly became too slow, small-scale, and expensive. Petroleum-based fuel was in demand. The invention of the mass-produced automobile in the early 20th century further increased demand for petroleum.

Petroleum production has rapidly increased. In , the U. By , that number was million barrels per year. Today, the U. According to OPEC, more than 70 million barrels are produced worldwide every day. That is almost 49, barrels per minute. Although that seems like an impossibly high amount, the uses for petroleum have expanded to almost every area of life. Petroleum makes our lives easy in many ways. In many countries, including the U. The United States consumes more oil than any other country.

This is more than all of the oil consumed in Latin America 8. Petroleum is an ingredient in thousands of everyday items. The gasoline that we depend on for transportation to school, work, or vacation comes from crude oil. A barrel of petroleum produces about 72 liters 19 gallons of gasoline, and is used by people all over the world to power cars, boats, jets, and scooters.

Diesel-powered generators are used in many remote homes, schools, and hospitals. Petroleum is found in recreational items as diverse as surfboards, footballs and basketballs, bicycle tires, golf bags, tents, cameras, and fishing lures. Petroleum is also contained in more essential items such as artificial limbs, water pipes, and vitamin capsules. In our homes, we are surrounded by and depend on products that contain petroleum. House paint, trash bags, roofing, shoes, telephones, hair curlers, and even crayons contain refined petroleum.

Carbon Cycle There are major disadvantages to extracting fossil fuels, and extracting petroleum is a controversial industry. Carbon constantly cycles between the water, land, and atmosphere. Carbon is absorbed by plants and is part of every living organism as it moves through the food web. Carbon is naturally released through volcanoes, soil erosion, and evaporation. Not all of the carbon on Earth is involved in the carbon cycle above ground. Vast quantities of it are sequestered, or stored, underground, in the form of fossil fuels and in the soil.

However, that budget is falling out of balance. Since the Industrial Revolution, fossil fuels have been aggressively extracted and burned for energy or fuel. This releases the carbon that has been sequestered underground, and upsets the carbon budget. This affects the quality of our air, water, and overall climate. The taiga, for example, sequesters vast amounts of carbon in its trees and below the forest floor.

Drilling for natural resources not only releases the carbon stored in the fossil fuels, but also the carbon stored in the forest itself. Combusting gasoline, which is made from petroleum, is particularly harmful to the environment. Every 3. Gasoline and diesel also directly pollute the atmosphere. They emit toxic compounds and particulates, including formaldehyde and benzene. People and Petroleum Oil is a major component of modern civilization.

In developing countries, access to affordable energy can empower citizens and lead to higher quality of life. Petroleum provides transportation fuel, is a part of many chemicals and medicines, and is used to make crucial items such as heart valves, contact lenses, and bandages. Peak oil is the point when the oil industry is extracting the maximum possible amount of petroleum. After peak oil, petroleum production will only decrease. After peak oil, there will be a decline in production and a rise in costs for the remaining supply.

Measuring peak oil uses the reserves-to-production ratio RPR. This ratio compares the amount of proven oil reserves to the current extraction rate. The reserves-to-production ratio is expressed in years. The RPR is different for every oil rig and every oil-producing area. Oil-producing regions that are also major consumers of oil have a lower RPR than oil producers with low levels of consumption.

The oil-rich, developing nation of Iran, which has a much lower consumption rate, has an RPR of more than 80 years. It is impossible to know the precise year for peak oil. Some geologists argue it has already passed, while others maintain that extraction technology will delay peak oil for decades. Many geologists estimate that peak oil might be reached within 20 years.

Petroleum Alternatives Individuals, industries, and organizations are increasingly concerned with peak oil and environmental consequences of petroleum extraction. Alternatives to oil are being developed in some areas, and governments and organizations are encouraging citizens to change their habits so we do not rely so heavily on oil. Bioasphalts, for example, are asphalts made from renewable sources such as molasses, sugar, corn, potato starch, or even byproducts of oil processes.

Although they provide a non-toxic alternative to bitumen, bioasphalts require huge crop yields, which puts a strain on the agricultural industry. Algae is also a potentially enormous source of energy. Algae grows extremely quickly and takes up a fraction of the space used by other biofuel feedstocks.

About 38, square kilometers 15, square miles of algae—less than half the size of the U. Algae absorbs pollution, releases oxygen, and does not require freshwater. Acetone is also a primary ingredient in many nail polish removers. Some nail polishes are specifically designed for use on acrylic nails.

Polishes of the 20th century were largely enamel-based paints, as are the present day polishes made for acrylic or false nails. They are made by putting a drying enamel acid together with alcohol. Tiny fibers, or resin, float in the enamel mixture. OPI polishes are very popular and can support a higher price because there is a big demand for them.

This is due to a lack of oxygen. It remains on the seabed and is covered by several layers of slip and sand. This entire process of refining takes millions of years of high pressure and temperature. But whenever it does happen, the organic matters decompose and form oil.

Students should be familiar with petroleum refining by-products and their uses. Remembering the petroleum products list is also helpful. Did you know that there are several uses of petroleum? This is true and we have created a list of all the major uses of petroleum. And that list is mentioned below. Petrol and diesel as used in vehicles as fuels.

When it comes to heavy motor vehicles, then diesel is preferred. Petrol is used in the dry cleaning process as a solver. Diesel, on the other hand, can be used for running generators. Jet planes and stoves rely on kerosene as their fuels.

Wear, tear, and corrosion of machines can be reduced by using lubricants. Ointments, ink, candles, and crayons can be made by using paraffin wax. Roads are made by using asphalt or Bitumen.